It is now very common for same-sex females couples and single females to use donor sperm to help them conceive. Donor sperm can also help heterosexual couples struggling with infertility due to sperm abnormalities or other medical reasons. This is made possible through the generosity of sperm donors, with donor sperm used as part of the regular IVF or intrauterine insemination (IUI) process.
Due to modern advances in assisted reproductive techniques (ART), same-sex female couples and single females can now start or build their families with the help of donor sperm. In 2010, Victorian law changed enabling single females and same-sex female couples to access IVF. Since then, the number of females using donor sperm has quadrupled. In fact, up to 87% of donor sperm recipients in Victoria are same-sex female couples and single females.1
Heterosexual couples struggling to conceive due to male factor infertility can also use donor sperm together with IVF or IUI to help them have a baby. There are a number of factors that may prevent a man from being able to use his own sperm:
Azoospermia is the term used when a man’s semen contains no sperm. Additionally, if sperm are unable to be retrieved from the testes (in a process called ‘testicular sperm extraction’), donor sperm may be considered as an option. However, if a man produces any sperm at all, even in incredibly small numbers, the sperm can usually be obtained via testicular biopsy. We can then select individual sperm and fertilise the egg through a special procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
In some cases sperm are present, but there are abnormalities of the sperm that prevent successful fertilisation of the egg. Sometimes these abnormalities may be obvious under the microscope. In other cases, sub-optimal sperm quality may be a contributing factor when a couple experiences repeated challenges when creating a healthy embryo for transfer.
Some men carry a genetic disorder that they do not wish to pass on to their children. If there is potential for this to occur, genetic testing of embryos is often sufficient in order to screen for and prevent inheritance of the disorder. However, if genetic testing is not suitable, the use of donor sperm may be an appropriate alternative.
Through Newlife IVF, you have two options – known arrangements or through our identity-release (IR) sperm donor program.
You may prefer to find a sperm donor from your own social circles, including acquaintances, family and friends. Letting people know about your fertility journey and asking those around you for help can feel scary, but you may be surprised at who is willing to consider donation.
Some people choose to obtain donor sperm by publishing an advertisement in an online forum or printed material. Before officially publishing an advertisement, it is a legal requirement to obtain approval by sending a copy of the advertisement to the Department of Human Services.
Newlife IVF is proud to offer a local and international donor sperm program. Our local sperm donor program comprises generous sperm donors who typically live in and around Melbourne and have provided sperm samples at our Box Hill clinic. We also have a relationship with the European Sperm Bank, and approval from Victorian regulators to import sperm from specifically chosen donors for exclusive access to Newlife IVF patients. The European Sperm Bank recruits sperm donors from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. If you access donor sperm through Newlife IVF, you can rest assured that all sperm samples and sperm donors have undergone thorough testing.
If you would like to use known donor sperm, kindly book an appointment for both you and your known sperm donor with one of Newlife IVF’s fertility specialists. Your fertility specialist will ask you and your prospective sperm donor to complete the required blood tests (and ultrasound scans for recipients). Following this, our donor coordinator will then contact you and your donor to register you in our system, while also booking your donor in for a sperm freezing appointment. Once this is completed, the frozen sperm will be quarantined (kept in storage) for three months. Following this period, a repeat blood test is performed on your known donor to confirm that their sperm is suitable for use (cleared of any potential infectious diseases).
While the sperm is in quarantine, we can book the first mandatory individual counselling session for the donor-recipient and the known sperm donor (and their partner, if applicable). After these sessions, a group counselling session is required approximately two weeks later.
Genetic carrier screening can be accessed to determine if you and your known donor are a match, to ensure that the risk of passing on serious conditions can be mitigated. Our genetics team will discuss this option with you, which you can either choose to decline or proceed with. The results of genetic carrier screening can take up to four weeks.
Once all required test results are received and you have discussed the results with your fertility specialist, you will then meet with our nursing and finance teams to discuss commencing your cycle.
It is important that recipients are fully aware of the possible outcomes of accessing donor sperm and therefore our counsellor will discuss a detailed consent form with you.
If you do not know anyone who is willing to donate their sperm, You may access Newlife IVF’s IR sperm donor program.
If you would like to access IR donor sperm, kindly book an appointment with one of Newlife IVF’s fertility specialists. Your fertility specialist will ask you to complete the required blood tests and ultrasound scans. On the provision that your results are clear, our donor coordinator will contact you to book your first mandatory counselling session. Following this session and payment of a fee, you will be given access to our donor profiles.
Once you select your donor, genetic carrier screening will be completed to assess if you and your donor are a match. This is to ensure that the risk of passing on serious conditions can be mitigated. The results of genetic carrier screening can take up to four weeks.
Once all required test results are received and a treatment plan is finalised with the fertility specialist, you will then be booked in for a second counselling session and nursing appointments.
It is important that recipients are fully aware of the possible outcomes of accessing donor sperm – and therefore our counsellor will go through the consent form with you.
Read more about IR sperm recipient arrangements.
Identity release (IR) sperm donors were previously known as ‘anonymous’ sperm donors. It’s important to note that children conceived from IR sperm donors can request the identity of their donor once they turn 18. Fertility clinics keep specific information about the sperm donor, including their name, date of birth and any medical/genetic test results. It’s important to note that IR donors cannot donate to more than 10 women (including their own partners).
One advantage of using an IR sperm donor is that the fertility clinic will ensure that the donor is fully aware of his obligations and rights, including the various legal boundaries, before he donates sperm.
On the other hand, if you obtain donor sperm from a known donor or advertisement, you may wish to seek legal advice to help you navigate the process of setting social boundaries with your donor. Depending on the situation, the level of donor involvement can vary greatly, so it’s important to have an open conversation about expectations from all parties involved (including any partners).
You can find out more about fertility legislation and guidelines by visiting the Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority (VARTA).
Once donor sperm is secured, the sperm is used to fertilise the female’s egg. There are a number of methods for achieving this, including:
We will consider a number of factors, including your fertility test results and preferences, before deciding which particular method to use.
The above list is not exhaustive. For more information on eligibility, read more on becoming a donor on the VARTA website.
At Newlife IVF, we aim to make the process convenient for recipients and donors.
Our donor coordinator and the Newlife IVF team conduct several medical screening and counselling sessions to determine if a known sperm donor is both mentally and physically healthy.
Learn more about known sperm donor arrangements and IR sperm donor arrangements.
Our donor and surrogacy team are available to assist with any queries or questions you have about donor sperm. Please contact them at [email protected] for further information.
We highly recommend browsing the Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority (VARTA) for resources, such as podcasts and personal stories.
You may also refer to these articles from our Fertile Thinking blog for more helpful information on sperm donation:
Newlife IVF welcomes new sperm donors from Melbourne and greater Victoria. If you would like to donate sperm, call (03) 8080 8933 or email [email protected], so we can give you all the facts about donating sperm. Our donor coordinator will get in touch with you.
Becoming a sperm donor
REFERENCE
Depending on the preferences of the recipient, donor sperm is provided anonymously – known as Identity Release (IR) – or through known donation arrangements. In IR donation, the donor’s identity remains confidential until the child turns 18 years old. In a known donation, the recipient may have access to the donor’s identity and information.
The legal requirement for donor sperm use varies depending on the country, state and jurisdiction. In Victoria, donors must partake in an initial screening, mandatory counselling and consenting, post-quarantine screening and genetic testing. During counselling, a thorough discussion of legislative implications occurs, including the legal rights and responsibilities of donors and recipients, the rights of a donor-conceived person, and future implications.
The success rates of using donor sperm in fertility treatments depend on various factors, including the quality of the donor sperm, the age and fertility status of the recipient, the fertility treatment used (such as IUI or IVF) and the expertise of the fertility clinic. On average, success rates range between 10–30% per cycle for IUI and between 40–60% per embryo transfer for IVF.
View our IVF success rates here.
There are various emotional considerations for both the recipient and the donor when using donor sperm as part of fertility treatment. These include feelings of gratitude, grief and loss, and adjusting to a different idea of family-building. Newlife IVF offers comprehensive counselling services to help donors and recipients navigate the potential emotional responses and make informed decisions.
When using donor sperm, the ethical considerations to keep in mind include ensuring there is informed consent from all parties involved, maintaining confidentiality and privacy, preventing exploitation of donors, recipients, or donor-conceived people, and addressing issues of genetic connection and identity.
For more information or to book an appointment with one of our fertility doctors, please call (03) 8080 8933 or email [email protected]. Fertility appointments can also be booked via our online booking page.
Our three Melbourne clinics are based in Box Hill, Clayton and East Melbourne and are open Monday–Friday: 8:00am–5:00pm. We welcome patients from all over Victoria, as well as those seeking care interstate or internationally. All fertility treatment requiring day surgery or lab access (e.g. egg collection, embryo transfer) will take place at our state-of-the-art treatment centre in Box Hill. Fertility consultations and IVF cycle monitoring can be arranged at all three Melbourne clinics.
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